Arbitrary inferences and selective abstractions are examples of what type of cognitive phenomenon?

Arbitrary inferences and selective abstractions are classifications of cognitive distortions, which refer to irrational thoughts that can lead to negative emotional states. Cognitive distortions involve flawed or exaggerated thinking patterns that misrepresent reality and can affect how individuals perceive events or their own experiences.

Arbitrary inferences occur when a person makes a conclusion without sufficient evidence, often jumping to conclusions based on minimal or no facts. For instance, if someone interprets a friend's neutral comment as criticism, they are engaging in an arbitrary inference. Selective abstraction, on the other hand, involves focusing on a single negative detail while ignoring other, more positive aspects of a situation, which can skew a person's overall perception.

Understanding these concepts is critical for professionals working in substance use counseling, as they can help clients identify and challenge these distortions, ultimately aiming to foster healthier thought patterns and coping mechanisms. This awareness of cognitive distortions is essential in therapeutic settings for promoting mental wellness and substance use recovery.