The most popular and yet controversial theory of addiction views it as a:

The most popular and controversial theory of addiction conceptualizes it as a chronic and incurable disease. This perspective is rooted in the understanding that addiction fundamentally alters brain structure and function, leading to compulsive substance use despite negative consequences. This viewpoint aligns with medical models that emphasize the biological and neurological underpinnings of addiction, suggesting that like other chronic diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension, addiction requires long-term management and can have periods of relapse.

By framing addiction this way, it shifts the narrative from moral failing or limited willpower to recognizing the complexities of addiction as a health issue that warrants compassion and medical intervention. This theory supports the need for ongoing treatment and emphasizes the importance of support systems and relapse prevention strategies.

Contrastingly, viewing addiction as a psychological disorder often overlooks the biological aspects of addiction. While psychological factors do play a role, the chronic disease model encompasses a wider range of influences. Similarly, recognizing addiction as merely a temporary phase undermines the serious, persistent nature of addiction that many individuals experience. Lastly, approaching addiction solely as a social issue might not fully capture the individual biological and psychological challenges posed by addiction, therefore limiting the effectiveness of treatment strategies.