What is the best course of action for a counselor when a client reveals they are HIV positive?

Discussing the client's case with a clinical supervisor is essential in this scenario because it allows the counselor to seek guidance and support for managing the situation effectively. It ensures that the counselor is drawing on professional resources and expertise to address any ethical, clinical, or legal considerations that may arise from the client’s disclosure of their HIV status.

This approach also opens up a space for the counselor to receive input on how to support the client emotionally and psychologically while adhering to confidentiality principles. Collaboration with a supervisor can enhance the counselor's ability to provide the appropriate support and interventions tailored to the client's needs. It also emphasizes the importance of supervision and consultation in counseling practice, particularly in sensitive situations like this one.

The other options—referring the client to a different counselor, contacting the client's family, or encouraging silence—do not prioritize the client’s autonomy, confidentiality, or the therapeutic alliance necessary for effective counseling.