Which model of addiction views excessive use of alcohol as a personal choice deserving punishment?

The moral model of addiction operates on the premise that individuals have full control over their choices and behaviors. It posits that excessive use of substances like alcohol stems from a lack of willpower or moral failing, rather than being viewed as a medical or psychological condition. Therefore, this model emphasizes personal responsibility and accountability, suggesting that individuals who engage in excessive drinking should be punished for their behavior because they are seen as consciously choosing to indulge in their addiction.

This perspective can often lead to societal stigma against those struggling with addiction, as it frames their challenges as a result of poor choices rather than as a health issue. In contrast, other models, such as the medical model, view addiction as a disease that requires treatment rather than punishment. The social model focuses on the societal and environmental factors contributing to substance use, while the behavioral model emphasizes learned behaviors and the reinforcement of those behaviors, suggesting that addiction is a conditioned response rather than a moral failing.